Asthma 101: What You Need to Know

Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world, yet it can often go undiagnosed, leaving many people struggling with unexplained symptoms. If you’ve been wondering whether your breathing difficulties, persistent cough, or other respiratory issues could be caused by asthma, you’re not alone. Many adults first experience symptoms later in life and understanding the signs can be the first step toward effective management. From identifying signs and symptoms of asthma to exploring treatment options, the information below sheds light on everything you need to know to take control and breathe easier.

Asthma defined

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways in your lungs. The airways are responsible for carrying air in and out of the lungs, and in individuals with asthma, these airways become inflamed and narrowed. This inflammation, combined with triggers like allergens or exercise, can lead to breathing difficulties, coughing, and wheezing.

Asthma can affect anyone, regardless of age, and while it’s often associated with childhood, many adults develop asthma later in life. Known as adult-onset asthma, it can sometimes be trickier to diagnose since its symptoms may overlap with other conditions like allergies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or acid reflux.

Signs and symptoms of asthma

Asthma symptoms can vary widely from person to person. For some, symptoms may be mild and sporadic, while for others, they may be more severe and persistent.

Here are some of the most common signs and symptoms to look out for:

• Shortness of breath: Do you find yourself gasping for air or struggling to breathe, especially after physical activity? Shortness of breath is one of the hallmark signs of asthma.
  
  
• Wheezing: A high-pitched, whistling sound when breathing is a typical symptom of asthma. While it’s more noticeable during exhalation, wheezing should never be ignored.
  
  
• Persistent cough: Asthma-related coughing is often worse at night or early in the morning and tends to linger longer than a cold or infection-related cough. The cough may be dry or accompanied by mucus.
  
  
• Chest tightness: Some people describe this as feeling like a weight is pressing down on their chest. It can be mild or more severe and is often accompanied by other symptoms.
  
  
• Fatigue or exercise intolerance: Do you feel unusually tired or find it hard to continue normal physical activities? Struggling to keep up during workouts may signal asthma, especially if paired with breathing difficulties.
  
  
• Frequent respiratory infections: If you’re constantly battling colds, flu, or bronchitis, it may be a sign of underlying asthma.

If you’ve been experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above or think your breathing difficulties may be asthma-related, it’s important to meet with your primary care doctor or advanced practice provider* (APP) to discuss them. They will be able to conduct tests like spirometry (a lung function test) or peak flow monitoring to determine how well your lungs are working and make an accurate diagnosis. Getting a professional diagnosis is crucial because untreated asthma can lead to complications like permanent lung damage, frequent hospital visits, or reduced quality of life.

Treatment options

While there’s no cure for asthma, a variety of treatment options are available to help control the condition and minimize symptoms. These include medications, lifestyle changes, and ongoing medical management. Common strategies include:

• Medication: This may include quick-relief inhalers (like albuterol) for immediate symptom management and long-term control medications (like corticosteroids) to reduce inflammation.
  
  
• Preventing triggers: Identify and avoid the triggers that worsen your symptoms.
  
  
• Monitoring your breathing: Using a peak flow meter can help you track your lung function and spot potential flare-ups early.
  
  
• Developing an asthma action plan: Work with your doctor or APP to create a plan that outlines how to manage your asthma during both routine and emergency situations.

Asthma doesn’t have to control your life. With the right combination of treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and support, you can take charge of your condition and thrive.

If you are experiencing symptoms of asthma, don’t wait to seek help. Schedule an appointment with your doctor or APP to talk about your symptoms and create an asthma management plan tailored to your needs. With the right plan, you can breathe easier and enjoy a better quality of life.

*An advanced practice provider includes a nurse practitioner or physician assistant.